Did You Know: All About Vultures

Ashlee Quyle • Jul 15, 2021

Get to know Turkey Vultures and Black Vultures...
Did You Know: All About Vultures

  Several different bird species call Florida home. From iconic birds of prey like the Bald Eagle and Great Horned Owl to wading birds like the Roseate Spoonbill and Wood Storks...but did you know the Wood Storks lesser-known cousin is the vulture?

  In South Florida, we see both the Turkey Vulture and the Black Vulture (that we wrongfully nicknamed "Buzzards"). Buzzards are a type of hawk, which both vulture species are not. The first thought that typically comes to our minds when we think about vultures is the instant connection to their attraction to dead animals. That is because, unlike other birds, vultures have an extraordinary sense of smell and can smell carrion (dead animals) when they are only 12-24 hours old. Black Vultures have a much weaker sense of smell, however, and usually rely on their sense of sight to find their meal. They will even watch Turkey Vultures soar lower and lower to a potential meal and then take it from them! Both species of vulture prefer their meals freshly deceased. Vultures are nature's garbage crew and they do their job perfectly! 

  Believe it or not, vultures are cleaner than you'd think and have special adaptations to keep them that way. Have you ever noticed that vultures are bald? Vultures have these beautifully bald heads to keep the muck from the carrion they feed on from getting stuck in their feathers. They also have strange white-ish-colored feet. Their feet are white because they release their urine and fecal matter onto their feet to not only cool off from the hot summer temperatures but also to clean their feet off from any bacteria or diseases they may have picked up from their meals. 

  Vultures are also beneficial to the ecosystem. By eating roadkill and other carrion, they clean the environment from any potential diseases or bacteria that could be harmful to other animals and humans. The diseases and bacteria don’t affect them though, due to harboring extremely strong stomach acids. They also help farmers! Farmers used to watch the skies when they needed to find one of their cows giving birth. This was because Black Vultures were keeping an eye out for the afterbirth. 

  While vultures may be “social” and eat together as a group, they are keen to only be social towards their family group. Black Vultures in particular are highly aggressive to vultures outside of their family. While they don’t have a voice box, they’ll communicate through raspy hisses and grunts or will even bite and peck at outside vultures to keep them away from their meal. Both the Turkey Vulture and Black Vultures are family-oriented. These ground nesters will lay 1-3 eggs and care for and continue to feed their young well after they have fledged. 

  While we may not find vultures beautiful, they do have many benefits and have been long overlooked. While these birds of prey are powerful, they are not indestructible. Back in the 1940s, they were facing similar problems as the Bald Eagle, Osprey, Peregrine Falcon, and Brown Pelican. The use of DDT was extremely popular at the time, but as we all know, had a very powerful effect on our native birds. Birds that died from DDT were eaten by vultures that passed this harmful pesticide down to them. Females would go lay their eggs, and the eggshell would be too thin to support the mother's weight during incubation, and she would end up crushing the eggs; leading to a rapid decline in population for both species. Since the ban, they have made a very healthy recovery and are once again back to doing what they do best, cleaning nature.

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